Systematic approach to incorporate human factors into a process plant design

Despite the increasing number of accidents in process industry caused by human error, there are still too few efforts devoted to this area. This is mainly caused by people's tendency to overestimate human's capability in interacting with their working environment and moreover by the unavailability of reliable analysis methods. Because of the current lack of adequate methods, human factors (HF) analysis is not widely performed in process industry. Some HF techniques developed in the process industry were examined regarding their practical applicability and were unfortunately proved to be unsuitable for an elaborate HF analysis. Therefore, a new approach was developed, which provides a systematic way in performing a qualitative HF analysis to achieve a safer operation and decrease the number of human failure events. HF consideration during the design of a process plant is the key to minimize accidents caused by human error in process industry. Thus, an approach to incorporate HF into design phase is described in this article, which can help achieving a safer operation as early as possible with minimized costs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009     

油田开发调整方案的多指标群体综合评价方法及应用

本文结合油田开发调整方案优选的多指标特征及群体评价特征,提出了一个多指标群体综合评价方法。该方法在序关系分析法的基础上,通过定义基于向量的诱导有序加权平均(V-IOWA)算子来确定专家群体的指标权重,进而得到专家群体的方案综合评价结果。最后,给出一个应用实例以说明该方法的有效性。     

上市公司股权激励影响公司价值的实证分析

建立健全经营者股权激励机制是深化国有企业改革和增强企业活力的重要途径之一,经营者持股、国家股股东(国有资本注资持股)和流通股股东(中小股东持股)具有不同的股权激励效果。其中经营者持股具有最强的激励功能,有利于改善公司绩效和提升公司价值;委托代理关系下的国有资本容易出现投资者主体缺乏保护机制的问题,进而扩大委托代理关系的距离以及信息的不对称程度,引发企业效率低下;在流通股股东的激励环境下,股权流动性分裂从根本上损害了上市公司股东之间利益的一致性,可能导致经营者持股和国家股的激励减弱。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,选择制造业机械、设备、仪表次类上市公司为研究样本,从实证的角度对上述问题进行了探索。     

序群上Fredholm Toeplitz算子的特征

利用阿贝尔群G到实数群R的同态映射λ,给出了序群上Toeplitz算子是Fredholm的一个特征.     

自然垄断行业不对称规制研究

不对称规制是规制机构对自然垄断行业处于不同市场条件下的经营者予以区别对待的规制。实施不对称规制的经济学理论依据是有效竞争理论,法理依据是公共利益理论和实质公平理论,前提条件是不对称竞争的存在。主导经营者的认定标准主要有市场份额及竞争者数量、控制关键的网络系统资源、市场进入壁垒、利润水平和对竞争者的影响力。不对称规制与反垄断规制均为自然垄断行业的规制手段,两者既有联系又有区别,需要采取措施予以协调。     

Uniqueness of competitive equilibrium with solvency constraints under gross-substitution

Under a gross substitution assumption, we prove existence and uniqueness of competitive equilibrium for an infinite-horizon exchange economy with limited commitment and complete financial markets. Risk-sharing is limited as only a part of the private endowment can be used as collateral to secure debt. The unique equilibrium is Markovian with respect to a minimal state space consisting of exogenous shocks and Negishi’s welfare weights. We represent equilibrium dynamics via a monotone operator acting on entire wealth distribution functions. We construct a fixed point of this operator generating a lower and an upper orbit and proving coincidence of accumulation points.     

C++运算符重载剖析

重载是面向对象程序设计中的一种重要机制,可以提高程序可读性,实现多态性。C++语言中有两种重载:函数重载和运算符重载。运算符重载实质就是函数重载。本文主要讨论的是C++中运算符重载的规则、机制以及形式。     

Tour operators and performance of SME hotels: Differences between hotels in coastal and inland areas

This paper studies the differences in the impact of global tour operators on the management and performance of hotels in coastal and inland areas. The empirical analysis is based on a survey conducted in 2016 on 375 Spanish SMEs operating in the hotel industry. A multi-group comparison analysis was carried out using Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural modelling. This analysis reveals that dependence on global tour operators has a direct effect on the conditions under which hotel services are provided (room rates and quotas) both in coastal and inland areas. Nevertheless, the pressure from tour operators is significantly stronger on hotel SMEs located in coastal areas, where it has a negative effect on profitability, in spite of having a positive influence on firm growth (sales and employment).     

Does Security of Land Operational Rights Matter for the Improvement of Agricultural Production Efficiency under the Collective Ownership in China?

Under the “separation of three rights” policy, the impact of security of land operational rights on agricultural production efficiency has attracted much attention in recent years. Data envelopment analysis and mediation effect analysis were applied to 888 family farms run by new‐type agricultural operators from Songjiang to identify the mechanism of the effect of land operational rights security on agricultural production efficiency through long‐term investment. The results show that greater security of land operational rights generally increased agricultural production efficiency. Approximately 37.94 percent of the impact could be explained by long‐term investment. The results also indicate that significant heterogeneity exists in the effect of land operational rights security on agricultural production efficiency at various levels of the family farms’ efficiency distributions. It is suggested that government should legalize land operational rights and give them a status equal to those of households’ contractual rights and land ownership rights in China's future land tenure reform.     

基于能值分析的农业经营主体可持续发展能力研究

[目的]通过对农业经营主体可持续发展能力测算方法的研究及可持续发展能力的实证分析,为提高农业经营主体可持续发展能力及培育新型农业经营主体提供理论支持和经验参考。[方法]借助典型案例调查及官方统计数据,采用物质—价值流和能值分析法对农业经营主体可持续发展能力问题展开研究。[结果]物质—价值流实证结果表明,家庭农场、种植大户和普通农户的单位土地净收入分别为1.778 4万元/hm~2、1.153 1万元/hm~2和0.439 6万元/hm~2;能值分析实证结果显示,家庭农场、种植大户和普通农户的可持续发展指数依次为24.49、4.21和3.58。[结论]从经济效益和可持续发展能力的视角来看,新型农业经营主体优于普通农户,家庭农场单位土地净收入最高,有较大的发展空间,可持续发展能力最大。